DRAMIŃSKI - Cow mastitis

The DRAMINSKI “4Q Mast” is a new, modified version of MASTITIS DETECTOR.

This state of the art instrument unfailingly detects sub-clinical mastitis in its earliest, visually undetectable stage. It is a valuable and trustworthy aid to maintain a healthy herd and higher quality milk production.
Why choosing 4QMast?

Simply because:

* improves returnes by unmasking mastitis in its earliest invisible stage
* enables early treatment and preventing the permanent damage to the udder
* monitors your herd to ensure higher quality milk production
* displays 4 readings at once and compares them
The great innovation is a special display which shows results for 4 quarters all at once. This feature makes the examination faster and more effective.

It is really helpful while comparing and interpreting readings.

The detector is easy to use, taking measurements requires no assistance.

Contagious mastitis is sometimes referred to as Cow-to-Cow mastitis because it is generally spread from cow to cow. The primary habitat of bacteria causing contagious mastitis is on the udder and in teat lesions. These bacteria have poor survival in the environment when not associated with the skin or in the gland. Contagious mastitis is the type of mastitis in chronic or subclinical mastitis. The infection is transmitted by milk-contaminated fomites at milking, by a sponge used to wash the cow’s teats, by the milker’s hands, and by the milking machine. The major organisms causing contagious mastitis are Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, or Mycoplasma.

Cattle occupy a unique role in human history, domesticated since at least the early Neolithic. They are raised for meat (beef cattle), dairy products and hides. They are also used as draft animals and in certain sports. Some consider cattle the oldest form of wealth, and cattle raiding consequently one of the earliest forms of theft.

Cattle are often raised by allowing herds to graze on the grasses of large tracts of rangeland. Raising cattle in this manner allows the use of land that might be unsuitable for growing crops. The most common interactions with cattle involve daily feeding, cleaning and milking. Many routine husbandry practices involve ear tagging, dehorning, loading, medical operations, vaccinations and hoof care, as well as training for agricultural shows and preparations. There are also some cultural differences in working with cattle- the cattle husbandry of Fulani men rests on behavioural techniques, whereas in Europe cattle are controlled primarily by physical means like fences. Breeders utilise cattle husbandry to reduce M. bovis infection susceptibility by selective breeding and maintaining herd health to avoid concurrent disease.

Cattle are farmed for beef, veal, dairy, leather and they are less commonly used simply to maintain grassland for wildlife- for example, in Epping Forest, England. They are often used in some of the most wild places for livestock. Depending on the breed, cattle can survive on hill grazing, heaths, marshes, moors and semi desert. Modern cows are more commercial than older breeds and, having become more specialized, are less versatile. For this reason many smaller farmers still favor old breeds, like the dairy breed of cattle Jersey.

In Portugal, Spain, Southern France and some Latin American countries, bulls are used in the activity of bullfighting; a similar activity, Jallikattu, is seen in South India; in many other countries this is illegal. Other activities such as bull riding are seen as part of a rodeo, especially in North America. Bull-leaping, a central ritual in Bronze Age Minoan culture (see Bull (mythology)), still exists in southwestern France. In modern times, cattle are also entered into agricultural competitions. These competitions can involve live cattle or cattle carcasses.

In terms of food intake by humans, consumption of cattle is less efficient than of grain or vegetables with regard to land use, and hence cattle grazing consumes more area than such other agricultural production. Nonetheless, cattle and other forms of domesticated animals can sometimes help to utilize plant resources in areas not easily amenable to other forms of agriculture. These factors were not as important in earlier times prior to the Earth’s large human population.

Cattle raised for human consumption are called “beef cattle”. Within the beef cattle industry in parts of the United States, the term “beef” (plural “beeves”) is still used in its archaic sense to refer to an animal of either gender. Cows of certain breeds that are kept for the milk they give are called “dairy cows” or “milking cows” (formerly “milch cows” – “milch” was pronounced as “milk”). Most young male offspring of dairy cows are generally sold for veal, and may be referred to as veal calves.

The term “dogies” is sometimes used in the context of ranch work, as in “Keep them dogies moving”. In some places, a cow kept to provide milk for one family is called a “house cow”. Obsolete terms for cattle include “neat” (this use survives in “neatsfoot oil”, extracted from the feet and legs of cattle), and “beefing” (young animal fit for slaughter).

An onomatopoeia imitating one of the commonest sounds made by cattle is “moo”, and this sound is also called lowing. There are a number of other sounds made by cattle, including calves bawling and bulls bellowing (a high-pitched yodeling call). The bullroarer makes a sound similar to a territorial call made by bulls.

In general, the same words are used in different parts of the world but with minor differences in the definitions. The terminology described here contrasts the differences in definition between the United States and other British influenced parts of world such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.

An intact (i.e. not castrated) adult male is called a bull. An adult female who has had one or two calves (depending on regional usage) is called a cow. Young cattle are called calves until they are weaned, then weaners until they are a year old in some areas, in other areas, particularly with beef cattle, they may be known as feeder-calves or simply feeders. After that, they are referred to as yearlings if between one and two years of age, or by gender. A young female before she has had a calf of her own is called a heifer (pronounced /ˈhɛfɚ/, “heffer”). A young female that has had only one calf is occasionally called a first-calf heifer. A castrated male is called a steer in the United States, and is called a bullock in other parts of the world; although in North America this term refers to a young bull. A castrated male (occasionally a female or in some areas a bull) kept for draft purposes is called an ox (plural oxen). In North America, draft cattle under four years old are called working steers. In the extremely uncommon situation where an adult bull is castrated, it becomes a stag. In all cattle species, a female who is the twin of a bull usually becomes an infertile partial intersex, and is a freemartin. Some Australian, Canadian, New Zealand and Scottish farmers use the term cattlebeast. Neat (horned oxen, from which “neatsfoot oil” is derived), beef (young ox) and beefing (young animal fit for slaughtering) are obsolete terms, although poll or polled cattle is still a term in use for naturally hornless animals, or in some areas cattle that have been disbudded. Cattle raised for human consumption are called beef cattle. Within the beef cattle industry in parts of the United States, the older term beef (plural beeves) is still used to refer to an animal of either gender. Cows of certain breeds that are kept for the milk they give are called dairy cows. The adjective applying to cattle in general is usually bovine. The terms “bull”, “cow” and “calf” are also used by extension to denote the gender of other large animals, including whales, hippopotamuses, camels, elk and elephants.